linux CentOS/redhat 6.5 LVM分区使用详解

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1, 介绍

LVM是逻辑盘卷管理（Logical Volume Manager）的简称，它是Linux环境下对磁盘分区进行管理的一种机制，LVM是建立在硬盘和分区之上的一个逻辑层，来提高磁盘分 LVM区管理的灵活性。前面谈到，LVM是在磁盘分区和文件系统之间添加的一个逻辑层，来为文件系统屏蔽下层磁盘分区布局，提供一个抽象的盘卷，在盘卷上建立文件系统。物理卷（physical volume）物理卷就是指硬盘分区或从逻辑上与磁盘分区具有同样功能的设备（如RAID），是LVM的基本存储逻辑块，但和基本的物理存储介质（如分区、磁盘等）比较，却包含有与LVM相关的管理参数。

2，创建[root@cn-iss-install-01 mapper]# fdisk -l[root@cn-iss-install-01 mapper]# fdisk /dev/sdbDevice contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabelBuilding a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x874c7742.Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to sectors (command 'u').Command (m for help): mCommand action a toggle a bootable flag b edit bsd disklabel c toggle the dos compatibility flag d delete a partition l list known partition types m print this menu n add a new partition o create a new empty DOS partition table p print the partition table q quit without saving changes s create a new empty Sun disklabel t change a partition's system id u change display/entry units v verify the partition table w write table to disk and exit x extra functionality (experts only)Command (m for help): pDisk /dev/sdb: 96.6 GB, 96636764160 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 11748 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0x874c7742 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id SystemCommand (m for help): nCommand action e extended p primary partition (1-4)pPartition number (1-4): 1First cylinder (1-11748, default 1):Using default value 1Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-11748, default 11748): +80GCommand (m for help): pDisk /dev/sdb: 96.6 GB, 96636764160 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 11748 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0x874c7742 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sdb1 1 10444 83891398+ 5 ExtendedCommand (m for help): wThe partition table has been altered!Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.Syncing disks.[root@cn-iss-install-01 mapper]#reboot or[root@cn-iss-install-01 Packages]# partprobe[root@cn-iss-install-01 ~]# fdisk -lDisk /dev/sda: 17.2 GB, 17179869184 bytes64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 16384 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 2048 * 512 = 1048576 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0x0005b1c0 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sda1 * 2 251 256000 83 LinuxPartition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary./dev/sda2 252 16384 16520192 8e Linux LVMPartition 2 does not end on cylinder boundary.Disk /dev/sdb: 96.6 GB, 96636764160 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 11748 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0x874c7742 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System/dev/sdb1 1 10444 83891398+ 5 ExtendedDisk /dev/mapper/VG00-LV_rootfs: 16.4 GB, 16374562816 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1990 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0x00000000Disk /dev/mapper/VG00-LV_swap: 536 MB, 536870912 bytes255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 65 cylindersUnits = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytesSector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytesI/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytesDisk identifier: 0x00000000[root@cn-iss-install-01 ~]#[root@cn-iss-install-01 Packages]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1Writing physical volume data to disk "/dev/sdb1"Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created[root@cn-iss-install-01 Packages]#[root@cn-iss-install-01 Packages]# vgcreate vg03 /dev/sdb1Volume group "vg03" successfully created[root@cn-iss-install-01 Packages]# lvcreate -L 83G -n vgdata vg03[root@cn-iss-install-01 Packages]# mke2fs /dev/vg03/vgdatamke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)Filesystem label=OS type: LinuxBlock size=4096 (log=2)Fragment size=4096 (log=2)Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks5439488 inodes, 21757952 blocks1087897 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super userFirst data block=0Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296664 block groups32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group8192 inodes per groupSuperblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000Writing inode tables: doneWriting superblocks and filesystem accounting information:doneThis filesystem will be automatically checked every 23 mounts or180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.[root@cn-iss-install-01 Packages]#[root@cn-iss-install-01 Packages]#[root@cn-iss-install-01 Packages]# mkfmkfifo mkfs.cramfs mkfs.ext3 mkfs.ext4devmkfs mkfs.ext2 mkfs.ext4[root@cn-iss-install-01 Packages]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg03/vgdatamke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)Filesystem label=OS type: LinuxBlock size=4096 (log=2)Fragment size=4096 (log=2)Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks5439488 inodes, 21757952 blocks1087897 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super userFirst data block=0Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296664 block groups32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group8192 inodes per groupSuperblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000Writing inode tables: doneCreating journal (32768 blocks): doneWriting superblocks and filesystem accounting information: doneThis filesystem will be automatically checked every 37 mounts or180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.[root@cn-iss-install-01 Packages]#[root@cn-iss-install-01 spool]# mount /dev/vg03/vgdata /var/spool/repo/[root@cn-iss-install-01 spool]# cd repo/[root@cn-iss-install-01 repo]# lslost+found[root@cn-iss-install-01 repo]# pwd/var/spool/repo[root@cn-iss-install-01 repo]#3，常用检查命令：[root@cn-iss-install-01 /]# pvdisplay[root@cn-iss-install-01 /]# vgdisplay[root@cn-iss-install-01 /]# lvdisplay[root@cn-iss-install-01 /]# pvcreatePlease enter a physical volume pathRun `pvcreate --help' for more information.[root@cn-iss-install-01 /]# vgcreatePlease provide volume group name and physical volumesRun `vgcreate --help' for more information.[root@cn-iss-install-01 /]# lvcreatePlease provide a volume group nameRun `lvcreate --help' for more information.[root@cn-iss-install-01 /]# vgextendPlease enter volume group name and physical volume(s) Run `vgextend --help' for more information.[root@cn-iss-install-01 /]# lvextendPlease specify either size or extents but not both.Run `lvextend --help' for more information.[root@cn-iss-install-01 /]#