OpenGL中光照的设置（一）(opengl实现光照效果)

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OpenGL这个系列的blog是我这个小白学习的笔记。

大部分内容是摘录的，少部分内容是自己的理解。

这篇文章转载自 ambient[] = { 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 };GLfloat diffuse[] = { 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 };GLfloat position[] = { 0.0, 3.0, 2.0, 0.0 };

（2）创建光源 glLightfv(GL_LIGHT1, GL_AMBIENT, ambient); // Setup The Ambient Light设置环境光 glLightfv(GL_LIGHT1, GL_DIFFUSE, diffuse); // Setup The Diffuse Light设置漫射光 glLightfv(GL_LIGHT1, GL_POSITION,position); // Position The Light设置光源位置

（3）启动光照和光源 glEnable(GL_LIGHTING); // 启动光照 glEnable(GL_LIGHT1); // Enable Light One启用一号光源

2.选择光照模型GLfloat lmodel_ambient[] = { 0.4, 0.4, 0.4, 1.0 };GLfloat local_view[] = { 0.0 }; glLightModelfv(GL_LIGHT_MODEL_AMBIENT, lmodel_ambient); glLightModelfv(GL_LIGHT_MODEL_LOCAL_VIEWER, local_view);

3.定义材质（1）材料属性GLfloat no_mat[] = { 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 };GLfloat mat_ambient[] = { 0.7, 0.7, 0.7, 1.0 };GLfloat mat_ambient_color[] = { 0.8, 0.8, 0.2, 1.0 };GLfloat mat_diffuse[] = { 0.1, 0.5, 0.8, 1.0 };GLfloat mat_specular[] = { 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 };GLfloat no_shininess[] = { 0.0 };GLfloat low_shininess[] = { 5.0 };GLfloat high_shininess[] = { .0 };GLfloat mat_emission[] = {0.3, 0.2, 0.2, 0.0};

（2）指定材料属性glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_AMBIENT, no_mat);glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_DIFFUSE, mat_diffuse);glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SPECULAR, no_mat);glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SHININESS, no_shininess);glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_EMISSION, no_mat);

4.绘制物体glutSolidSphere(1.0, , );

小结：

即使用 glLightfv 设置光（环境光、散射光等等）的颜色，使用 glLightModelfv设置关照的模式，使用glMaterialfv设置物体材料的颜色。

引用OpenGL编程指南中的例子：

[cpp] view plaincopyvoid init(void) { GLfloat ambient[] = { 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 }; GLfloat diffuse[] = { 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 }; GLfloat position[] = { 0.0, 3.0, 2.0, 0.0 }; GLfloat lmodel_ambient[] = { 0.4, 0.4, 0.4, 1.0 }; GLfloat local_view[] = { 0.0 }; glClearColor(0.0, 0.1, 0.1, 0.0); glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH); glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_AMBIENT, ambient); glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_DIFFUSE, diffuse); glLightfv(GL_LIGHT0, GL_POSITION, position); glLightModelfv(GL_LIGHT_MODEL_AMBIENT, lmodel_ambient); glLightModelfv(GL_LIGHT_MODEL_LOCAL_VIEWER, local_view); glEnable(GL_LIGHTING); glEnable(GL_LIGHT0); } void display(void) { GLfloat no_mat[] = { 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0 }; GLfloat mat_ambient[] = { 0.7, 0.7, 0.7, 1.0 }; GLfloat mat_ambient_color[] = { 0.8, 0.8, 0.2, 1.0 }; GLfloat mat_diffuse[] = { 0.1, 0.5, 0.8, 1.0 }; GLfloat mat_specular[] = { 1.0, 1.0, 1.0, 1.0 }; GLfloat no_shininess[] = { 0.0 }; GLfloat low_shininess[] = { 5.0 }; GLfloat high_shininess[] = { .0 }; GLfloat mat_emission[] = {0.3, 0.2, 0.2, 0.0}; glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); /* draw sphere in first row, first column * diffuse reflection only; no ambient or specular */ glPushMatrix(); glTranslatef (-3., 3.0, 0.0); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_AMBIENT, no_mat); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_DIFFUSE, mat_diffuse); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SPECULAR, no_mat); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SHININESS, no_shininess); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_EMISSION, no_mat); glutSolidSphere(1.0, , ); glPopMatrix(); /* draw sphere in first row, second column * diffuse and specular reflection; low shininess; no ambient */ glPushMatrix(); glTranslatef (-1., 3.0, 0.0); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_AMBIENT, no_mat); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_DIFFUSE, mat_diffuse); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SPECULAR, mat_specular); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SHININESS, low_shininess); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_EMISSION, no_mat); glutSolidSphere(1.0, , ); glPopMatrix(); /* draw sphere in first row, third column * diffuse and specular reflection; high shininess; no ambient */ glPushMatrix(); glTranslatef (1., 3.0, 0.0); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_AMBIENT, no_mat); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_DIFFUSE, mat_diffuse); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SPECULAR, mat_specular); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SHININESS, high_shininess); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_EMISSION, no_mat); glutSolidSphere(1.0, , ); glPopMatrix(); /* draw sphere in first row, fourth column * diffuse reflection; emission; no ambient or specular reflection */ glPushMatrix(); glTranslatef (3., 3.0, 0.0); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_AMBIENT, no_mat); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_DIFFUSE, mat_diffuse); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SPECULAR, no_mat); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SHININESS, no_shininess); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_EMISSION, mat_emission); glutSolidSphere(1.0, , ); glPopMatrix(); /* draw sphere in second row, first column * ambient and diffuse reflection; no specular */ glPushMatrix(); glTranslatef (-3., 0.0, 0.0); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_AMBIENT, mat_ambient); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_DIFFUSE, mat_diffuse); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SPECULAR, no_mat); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SHININESS, no_shininess); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_EMISSION, no_mat); glutSolidSphere(1.0, , ); glPopMatrix(); /* draw sphere in second row, second column * ambient, diffuse and specular reflection; low shininess */ glPushMatrix(); glTranslatef (-1., 0.0, 0.0); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_AMBIENT, mat_ambient); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_DIFFUSE, mat_diffuse); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SPECULAR, mat_specular); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SHININESS, low_shininess); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_EMISSION, no_mat); glutSolidSphere(1.0, , ); glPopMatrix(); /* draw sphere in second row, third column * ambient, diffuse and specular reflection; high shininess */ glPushMatrix(); glTranslatef (1., 0.0, 0.0); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_AMBIENT, mat_ambient); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_DIFFUSE, mat_diffuse); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SPECULAR, mat_specular); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SHININESS, high_shininess); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_EMISSION, no_mat); glutSolidSphere(1.0, , ); glPopMatrix(); /* draw sphere in second row, fourth column * ambient and diffuse reflection; emission; no specular */ glPushMatrix(); glTranslatef (3., 0.0, 0.0); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_AMBIENT, mat_ambient); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_DIFFUSE, mat_diffuse); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SPECULAR, no_mat); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SHININESS, no_shininess); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_EMISSION, mat_emission); glutSolidSphere(1.0, , ); glPopMatrix(); /* draw sphere in third row, first column * colored ambient and diffuse reflection; no specular */ glPushMatrix(); glTranslatef (-3., -3.0, 0.0); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_AMBIENT, mat_ambient_color); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_DIFFUSE, mat_diffuse); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SPECULAR, no_mat); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SHININESS, no_shininess); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_EMISSION, no_mat); glutSolidSphere(1.0, , ); glPopMatrix(); /* draw sphere in third row, second column * colored ambient, diffuse and specular reflection; low shininess */ glPushMatrix(); glTranslatef (-1., -3.0, 0.0); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_AMBIENT, mat_ambient_color); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_DIFFUSE, mat_diffuse); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SPECULAR, mat_specular); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SHININESS, low_shininess); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_EMISSION, no_mat); glutSolidSphere(1.0, , ); glPopMatrix(); /* draw sphere in third row, third column * colored ambient, diffuse and specular reflection; high shininess */ glPushMatrix(); glTranslatef (1., -3.0, 0.0); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_AMBIENT, mat_ambient_color); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_DIFFUSE, mat_diffuse); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SPECULAR, mat_specular); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SHININESS, high_shininess); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_EMISSION, no_mat); glutSolidSphere(1.0, , ); glPopMatrix(); /* draw sphere in third row, fourth column * colored ambient and diffuse reflection; emission; no specular */ glPushMatrix(); glTranslatef (3., -3.0, 0.0); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_AMBIENT, mat_ambient_color); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_DIFFUSE, mat_diffuse); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SPECULAR, no_mat); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_SHININESS, no_shininess); glMaterialfv(GL_FRONT, GL_EMISSION, mat_emission); glutSolidSphere(1.0, , ); glPopMatrix(); glFlush(); } void reshape(int w, int h) { glViewport(0, 0, w, h); glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glLoadIdentity(); if (w <= (h * 2)) glOrtho (-6.0, 6.0, -3.0*((GLfloat)h*2)/(GLfloat)w, 3.0*((GLfloat)h*2)/(GLfloat)w, -.0, .0); else glOrtho (-6.0*(GLfloat)w/((GLfloat)h*2), 6.0*(GLfloat)w/((GLfloat)h*2), -3.0, 3.0, -.0, .0); glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); glLoadIdentity(); } int main(int argc, char** argv) { glutInit(&argc, argv); glutInitDisplayMode (GLUT_SINGLE | GLUT_RGB | GLUT_DEPTH); glutInitWindowSize (, ); glutCreateWindow(argv[0]); init(); glutReshapeFunc(reshape); glutDisplayFunc(display); glutKeyboardFunc (keyboard); glutMainLoop(); return 0; }

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